热轧双相钢生产现状、存在问题及发展趋势浅析

介绍了国内外热轧双相钢的发展现状；对热轧双相钢的成分体系和关键生产工艺进行了总结，指出了目前热轧双相钢在生产过程中存在的问题；提出了未来热轧双相钢的主要发展方向为低成本、高强度、低负荷、高表面质量和“以热代冷”。     

弯板式斜度机械调整卡具结构设计

机械压力机的飞轮、支撑套及圆盘类等零件在钻床、龙门铣床进行垂直、斜孔或面精密加工时,需要直立或倾斜固定于机床工作台或地平台基面,人工操作用时长,效率低,工人劳动强度大,零件倾斜角度调整定位精度较低,加工零件质量差,通过本文设计的这种弯板式斜度机械调整卡具装置可有效解决这类问题,达到零件进行垂直、斜孔或面精密加工的特殊要求。     

企业全面预算管理与成本管理实务探究 ——以XY化学工业有限公司为例

企业管理过程中,全面预算管理与成本管理相互促进、相辅相成。针对成本管理及全面预算管理的现状及存在的问题,以陕西某化学工业有限公司(XY公司)为案例,开展了优化成本管理及全面预算管理的对策探讨。首先介绍了全面预算管理和成本管理的基本理论及两者的关系,并针对公司现状及存在的问题,提出了优化全面预算管理和成本管控的思路和措施。通过两种管理相结合的方式,形成科学、健全的管理模式,使企业在市场竞争中获得有利地位,实现企业发展的良性循环。     

Profit maximization of TSP through a hybrid algorithm

Here a new model of Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) with uncertain parameters is formulated and solved using a hybrid algorithm. For this TSP, there are some fixed number of cities and the costs and time durations for traveling from one city to another are known. Here a Traveling Salesman (TS) visits and spends some time in each city for selling the company’s product. The return and expenditure at each city are dependent on the time spent by the TS at that city and these are given in functional forms of t. The total time limit for the entire tour is fixed and known. Now, the problem for the TS is to identify a tour program and also to determine the stay time at each city so that total profit out of the system is maximum. Here the model is solved by a hybrid method combining the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Ant Colony Optimization (ACO). The problem is divided into two subproblems where ACO and PSO are used successively iteratively in a generation using one’s result for the other. Numerical experiments are performed to illustrate the models. Some behavioral studies of the models and convergences of the proposed hybrid algorithm with respect to iteration numbers and cost matrix sizes are presented.     

A volume element model (VEM) for energy systems engineering

This work presents a simplified modeling and simulation approach for energy systems engineering that is capable of providing quick and accurate responses during system design. For that, the laws of conservation are combined with available empirical and theoretical correlations to quantify the diverse types of flows that cross the system and produce a simplified tridimensional mathematical model, namely a volume element model (VEM). The physical domain of interest is discretized in space, thus producing a system of algebraic and ODEs with respect to time, whose solution delivers the project variables spatial distribution and dynamic response. In order to illustrate the application of the VEM in energy systems engineering, three example problems are considered: (i) a regenerative heat exchanger; (ii) a power electronic building block (PEBB); and (iii) a notional all‐electric ship. The same mathematical model was used to analyze problems (ii) and (iii), that is, the thermal management of heat‐generating equipment packaging. In the examples, the converged mesh had a total of 20, 2000, and 7725 volume elements. The third problem led to the largest simulation, which for steady‐state cases took between 5 and 10 min of computational time to reach convergence and for the ship dynamic response 50 min (i.e., 80,000 s of real time). The regenerative heat exchanger model demonstrated how VEM allowed for the coexistence of different phases (subsystems) within the same volume element. The thermal management model was adjusted and experimentally validated for the PEBB system, and it was possible to perform a parametric and dynamic analysis of the PEBB and of the notional all‐electric ship. Therefore, because of the observed combination of accuracy and low computational time, it is expected that the model could be used as an efficient tool for design, control, and optimization in energy systems engineering. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A derivative UKF for tightly coupled INS/GPS integrated navigation

The tightly coupled INS/GPS integration introduces nonlinearity to the measurement equation of the Kalman filter due to the use of raw GPS pseudorange measurements. The extended Kalman filter (EKF) is a typical method to address the nonlinearity by linearizing the pseudorange measurements. However, the linearization may cause large modeling error or even degraded navigation solution. To solve this problem, this paper constructs a nonlinear measurement equation by including the second-order term in the Taylor series of the pseudorange measurements. Nevertheless, when using the unscented Kalman filter (UKF) to the INS/GPS integration for navigation estimation, it causes a great amount of redundant computation in the prediction process due to the linear feature of system state equation, especially for the case with system state vector in much higher dimension than measurement vector. To overcome this drawback in computational burden, this paper further develops a derivative UKF based on the constructed nonlinear measurement equation. The derivative UKF adopts the concise form of the original Kalman filter (KF) to the prediction process and employs the unscented transformation technique to the update process. Theoretical analysis and simulation results demonstrate that the derivative UKF can achieve higher accuracy with a much smaller computational cost in comparison with the traditional UKF.     

环己酮废碱焚烧运行成本模拟方法及应用

通过反平衡法计算废碱焚烧炉热效率、产汽量及可变成本,建立了废碱焚烧运行成本模型,并计算分析了可变成本与燃料类型、组成、投碱量、尾气含氧量等因素的关联性。结果表明:随着混合燃料中干气比例提高,可变成本下降;仅使用辅助燃料渣油时,随着渣油量增加,可变成本不断增加,并出现加速拐点,急速增加;仅使用干气作辅助燃料时,随着干气量增加,投碱量减少,可变成本不断降低,并出现加速拐点,急速下降;随着尾气含氧量增加,锅炉的燃烧效率不断下降,可变成本不断增高;针对干气充足、干气不充足以及全部使用燃料油时,提出了相应的经济运行模式,并将其应用于指导生产,经济效益明显。     

汽轮机运行调节方式优化策略探析

分析了汽轮机的喷嘴调节、节流调节、旁通调节、定压调节和滑压调节等几种基本调节方式的特点,指出现役燃煤火电机组多因调节方式单一而普遍存在着调峰能力不足、负荷响应迟缓以及因长期偏离设计工况致使运行安全经济性下降等诸多问题,提出了通过调节方式的优化组合,采用(节流)定压-滑压-(喷嘴)定压-旁通调节的复合调节方式,以实现煤电机组安全、经济、灵活、快速地参与电网的深度调峰,破解具有强随机波动性的新能源电量规模化并网的困境。     

Polymer electrolytes and interfaces in solid-state lithium metal batteries

The polymer electrolyte based solid-state lithium metal batteries are the promising candidate for the high-energy electrochemical energy storage with high safety and stability. Moreover, the intrinsic properties of polymer electrolytes and interface contact between electrolyte and electrodes have played critical roles for determining the comprehensive performances of solid-state lithium metal batteries. In this review, the development of polymer electrolytes with the design strategies by functional units adjustments are firstly discussed. Then the interfaces between polymer electrolyte and cathode/anode, including the interface issues, remedy strategies for stabilizing the interface contact and reducing resistances, and the in-situ polymerization method for enhancing the compatibilities and assembling the batteries with favorable performances, have been introduced. Lastly, the perspectives on developing polymer electrolytes by functional units adjustment, and improving interface contact and stability by effective strategies for solid-state lithium metal batteries have been provided.